Physics and Thermophysics of nuclear power plants

Thermophysics

The purposes of an academic year project are: acquaintance of students with methods of calculation of heathydraulic, and neutron and physical parameters of active zones of modern and perspective NPP, ability to apply the gained knowledge in production design activity, acquisition of skills of work with scientific, reference and electronic books, writing of scientific and technical documentation; preparation of the scientifically based project of the steam generator.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ7.2, Б1-ПМ.ДВ7.2

The course content
Themes 1-4. Scientific seminars.
Theme 5. Introduction to planning radiation physics experiment. The general principle of the ICSI.
Theme 6. Periodic (0, 1)-pseudo-random sequence, table and matrix plan.
Theme 7. Periodic (0, 1)-self-supporting (PNP) tables and matrix plan.
Theme 8. Other types of periodic (0, 1)- sequences, tables and configurations.
Theme 9. Extended periodic (0, 1)-pseudo-random sequence.
Theme 10. Conditional generalized ICSI and the possibility of its implementation.
Theme 11. Emission gamma camera with a spatial modulation of the radiation.
Theme 12. Gamma-ray imager and other settings with spatial modulation of radiation.
Theme 13. Random error when using ICSI.
Theme 14. The variance of the ratings on the class of -matrices.
Theme 15. Variance estimates when using other (0, 1) periodic sequences, and tables.
Theme 16. Variance estimates when using (1, –1)-periodic pseudo-random sequences and (1, 0, –1)-periodic ternary sequences, and tables.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ7.4, Б1-ПМ.ДВ7.4

Academic subject introduce students to the modern methods of obtaining and measured low pressure. Information about the design features of vacuum systems and methods of obtaining a high and ultra-high vacuum provides with reference to specific electro-physical installations.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ4.2

The academic discipline “Basics of materials manufacturing technology” contains the founda-tions of theoretical and methodological knowledge in the field of technologies for pro-ducing and processing materials and products directly related to reactor materials, Fundamentals of the theory and technology of processing materials used in new technology, including rapidly quenched alloys, development and improvement of modern and advanced materials.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ1.2

During the first semester designer must perform neutron-physical and thermal calculations to support steady-state operation of NPF as a source of energy, develop a schematic design of the reactor and heat installation scheme. During the second semester the designer must perform calculations and designs in support of NPF safety, evaluation of the effectiveness of the reactor control system, analysis of the secnarios of design accidents. The main objective of the second phase - to bring the project in accordance with the existing normative documents on reactors safety. Analysis and justification of economic indicators is performed as well

Б1-ПМ.ДВ7.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ7.1

knowledge acquisition on the basic methods of determining the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the fields of ionizing radiation in matter and the corresponding energy absorption values, determining the effects of ionizing radiation on the objects of animate and inanimate nature;
to gain basic information about the tasks and methods of determining the characteristics of values of energy absorption of ionizing radiation in matter taking into account the quantity and quality of radiation;
understanding the functional characteristics and utilization of major types of dosimeters for the measurement of dosimetric quantities;
obtaining practical skills in the application of dosimetry methods for the solution of practical problems.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ2.4, Б1-ПМ.ДВ2.4

The "Dynamics and safety of nuclear power facilities" discipline is focused on students specializing in the field of nuclear power facilities physics. Course is designed for one semester and includes, in addition to lectures, laboratory practice, seminars and two home assignments. The focus of the course is given to non-stationary processes and characteristics of their occurrence in different conditions, the physical nature of feedbacks that affect the dynamics of the reactor, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of factors and effects of reactivity. The spatiotemporal reactor processes are analyzed along with the classic point model. The problem of stability of the power density in the reactor, including spatial and temporal instability associated with xenon-135 is considered. Reactor behavior at big jump of reactivity is considered on the basis of Nordheim-Fuchs model. The description of the residual energy and potential of physical and chemical processes related to emergencies is available. The experience of major accidents at nuclear power plants and the basic provisions of the official documents regulating the issues of safety of nuclear reactors are discussed in this course.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ5.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ5.1

The purpose of teaching discipline "Engineering calculations and design of nuclear installations" is training of students for the solution of engineering tasks on the basis of strict scientific methods.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ1.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ1.1

The educational disciplines is studied the physical basis of shielding from ionizing radiation. Considers the issues of distribution and shielding from photon radiation,shielding from neutrons andshielding from corpuscular particles. Study methods of calculation of protection from each type of radiations, their application to solve practical problems. Detail the maximum allowable levels of ionizing radiation and examines issues of regulation of radiation safety.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ6.4, Б1-ПМ.ДВ6.4

The course gives information about modern condition of problems of receiving experimental data of neutron-physical processes in nuclear reactors and their characteristics and about experimental methods and tools that are used. The link between experiment and calculation is discussed as well as its influence on experiments conditions. Main tasks of experimental reactor physics and their modern solutions are reviewed. The probabilities of experimental research technology improvement and effectiveness and informational increase are analyzed.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ2.1

The course gives information about modern condition of problems of receiving experimental data of neutron-physical processes in nuclear reactors and their characteristics and about experimental methods and tools that are used. The link between experiment and calculation is discussed as well as its influence on experiments conditions. Main tasks of experimental reactor physics and their modern solutions are reviewed. The probabilities of experimental research technology improvement and effectiveness and informational increase are analyzed.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ2.1

The course provides a systematic understanding of nuclear energy as an industry, the tasks of scientific research related to the introduction and use of nuclear energy, with the problems of nuclear and radiation safety, with modern nuclear fuel cycle technologies with existing approaches to assessing the economic and commodity indices at different stages of the nuclear fuel cycle

Б1-ПМ.ДВ6.2, Б1-ПМ.ДВ6.2

This course is meant for students who are training in design, research and development of modern nuclear and fusion reactors, advanced methods of energy conversion. It includes information on the main modes of heat and mass transfer – conduction, diffusion, convection and radiation, which is necessary for understanding of the essence of transfer processes in nuclear power facilities. The basic physical laws and conservation equations in differential and integral forms, describing the heat and mass transfer in solids and fluids in steady and unsteady conditions, including a single or two-phase flow, are considered. Analytical and numerical methods of solution of various heat transfer problems are demonstrated. Practical recommendations for calculations of heat transfer processes in nuclear reactors and energy equipment are suggested.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ11.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ12.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ11.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ12.1

Fruitful activity of future engineers in any branches of modern production is impossible without knowledge of bases of a heatmass exchange. Processes of transfer of heat and weight have special value in power industries, including also nuclear power. How these processes proceed, efficiency, reliability and safety of operation of the nuclear power stations (NPS) in many respects depends. It also defines the purpose of teaching discipline in which the modern theory, and also its application in calculations of the warm and mass-exchanged processes happening in NPS is stated.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ6.3, Б1-ПМ.ДВ6.3

The discipline purpose "Heatphysical measurements" is training of students in the main methods of heatphysical measurements.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ6.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ6.1

The purpose of discipline is training of students in the main methods of heatphysical measurements.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ13.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ13.1

The course IMRP is described the background of dosimeters and radiometers, used in radiation protection. The students will be received training on conversion detectors into dosimeters or radiometers. Their design will be demonstrated too. An unformed selection of equipment is as essentially as knowledge of law and rules in radiation protection.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ12.3, Б1-ПМ.ДВ12.3

This course gives the theoretical basis of the interaction of different types of radiation (neutron, electron, ion, gamma rays) with the solids to the case of classical, relativistic and quantum description of the interaction process. The main purpose of this course is to introduce students with modern physical understanding of the processes of the interaction of high-energy particles with the crystalline solids, the basic laws of changes in the characteristics of the interacting particles and radiation damage of the solids.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ13.2

The subject belongs to the module of professional subjects. Considers the characteristics of the radiation fields, the physical processes accompanying the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter and their mathematical description. The subject discusses the basic equations describing the propagation of radiation into matter and the analytical methods of their solution. Studying is based upon a preliminary study of mathematics, theoretical physics, computer science and nuclear physics. Students should have skills in solving differential and integral equations and in programming. They should be acquainted with Fourier transformations, electromagnetic and nuclear fields, properties of elementary particles. This subject is necessary for studying the following courses: dosimetry of ionizing radiation, radiation shielding, instrumental methods of radiation physics, dosimetry planning of radiation therapy.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ11.3, Б1-ПМ.ДВ11.3

The academic discipline “Medical and biological basics of radiation safety” studies the mechanism of ionizing radiation affection on alive objects on the levels of cells and organisms. Based on the studied mechanism of the affection, the exploration of the principles of maximum permissible levels of radiation normalization, ensuring radiation safety, is performed.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ4.3, Б1-ПМ.ДВ4.3

The main processes of neutron interaction with substances, diffusion and moderation of neutrons, the basis of termolization and multigroup neutron field description assumption are studied. The integradifferentional (Bolzman equation) and integral forms of gas-kinetic neutron transport equation are formulated. The basic approaches of different models for describing neutron distribution in media are discussed

Б1-ПМ.ДВ8.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ8.1

In the discipline of "Physics of Condensed State" the basics of physics of condensed matter are learnt, which include consideration of the next common problems of condensed state theory: classification of condensed systems, structure of atoms, theory of interatomic interactions and types of bonds, electron theory of condensed state, structure and principles of formation of phases in condensed systems, diffusion condensed systems, thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformations.
The main forms of statements of students on discipline are the pass of three colloquiums and exam.
Independent work is to develop a lecture material in the processing of solving tasks and preparation of reports for seminars, as well as in preparation for colloquiums and examination.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ11.2, Б1-ПМ.ДВ11.2

The study of characteristics of fields and sources of ionizing radiation; familiarization with the basic approaches to the regulation and the establishment of maximum permitted levels of radiation, radiation safety standards; analysis of the physical foundations of the formation of the photon fields in various media; development of approximate methods of engineering protection of settlements from the photon radiation.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ1.3, Б1-ПМ.ДВ1.3

"the POWER EQUIPMENT of NPS" is the purposes of development of discipline acquaintance of students with bases of a choice and optimization of NPS, classification of steam-generating devices and other heatexchange devices on purpose training of students in ability to apply the gained knowledge in production and scientific activity, acquisition of skills of work with scientific and electronic literature in this area.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ4.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ4.1

Approximate methods of neutron fields and gamma quantums dose characteristics’ calculation are researched. Numerical methods of radiation fields’ calculation in exterior source problems are described. The course includes matters of complex reactor biological protection calculation. Received skills are mastered in process of discussion and problem solving during practical work and developed through implementation of reactor safety project

Б1-ПМ.ДВ3.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ3.1

Academic discipline “Reactor Materials Investigation Techniques” introduces students to the modern techniques used to study the structure and properties of reactor materials. Main microstructure analysis methods ((S)TEM, SEM, AES, APFIM etc.) are considered in application to actual problems of real reactor materials. Students were introduced to the main methods of thermal and mechanical properties analysis as well as the neutron fluence definition. The course includes practical work, demonstrating the use of these techniques on the real samples. Particular attention is paid to the new possibilities of modern analytical equipment.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ2.3, Б1-ПМ.ДВ2.3

Main principles of neutron multiplication and diffusion in homogenous and heterogeneous lattices in multiplying environments are studied. The basis of uniform lattice is discussed.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ10.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ2.2, Б1-ПМ.ДВ10.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ2.2

The course is devoted to the questions of radioactive wastes safe management, and methods of primary and long-term isolation of these wastes. At the first stage there are analyzed a modern condition and prospects of development of nuclear power and volumes, connected to it, of subjects to a burial of radioactive wastes. Classification of wastes, the basic sources and characteristics of various (gaseous, liquid or hard) radioactive wastes are considered in details. The main attention is given to the management with liquid and solid high level radioactive wastes, methods of processing and ways of burial. The questions of a long-term storage of excess weapons grade plutonium and actinide contained radioactive wastes are specially considered also, measures on prevention of not authorized distribution of nuclear materials are discussed. The problem of transmutation of radioactive wastes is analyzed; its efficiency is estimated in comparison with a direct burial of the spent nuclear fuel. The problems of safety of transportation radioactive waste are studied also. Hypothetical failures on nuclear-technical installations are investigated and analyzed.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ13.3, Б1-ПМ.ДВ13.3

The course covers the techniques of applied spectrometry of ionizing radiation. Summarizes the major features of the photon, neutron, alpha and beta radiation sources.
The main characteristics of spectra are introduced. The main types of spectrometers for low-intensity ionizing radiation, conditions of their application to the solution of practical tasks in various fields of science and technology are concerned. For each type of spectrometers the information processing methods are described. Practical works is the calibration of gamma-spectrometer for efficiency.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ5.4, Б1-ПМ.ДВ5.4

Discipline reveals the relationship of composition, structure and operating conditions with the properties of structural materials, fuel and materials with special physical properties and shows the rationale for the choice of materials for structural components operating under high and low temperature, radiation, the corrosive effects of corrosive environments and exposure to different voltages.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ3.2

The discipline purposes of "SYSTEM of SAFETY of NPS" is acquaintance of students with the basic principles, methods of the analysis and technical security systems of NPS.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ5.2, Б1-ПМ.ДВ5.2

"the TECHNICAL THERMODYNAMICS" is the purpose of development of a subject matter the solution of a two-uniform task – basic vocational training of experts - heatphysicists and formation at them modern physical outlook. It is aware systematically initial concepts, basic laws and the equations of equilibrium thermodynamics are considered. Questions of application of methods of thermodynamics to research of balance and stability of uniform and multiphase systems, real gases, liquids and their streams, energy transformation cycles are stated. Regarding practical applications the main attention is paid to application of thermodynamic methods for the analysis of the processes happening in nuclear power stations, and also to questions of energy efficiency and ecology of power objects.
Final sections of a course are devoted to fundamentals of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The principles and the phenomenological equations of linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics, criteria of stability of nonequilibrium systems, and also elements of nonlinear thermodynamics, the theory of dissipative structures and self-organization of a matter are considered

Б1-ПМ.ДВ9.1, Б1-ПМ.ДВ9.1

The course of the classical theory of fields is a part of the basic course of theoretical physics studied by bachelor students since the 4th till the 7th term. The course is based on the famous textbook by L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz and devoted to the presentation of the classical theory of the electromagnetic field. A complete, logically connected theory of the electromagnetic field includes the special theory of relativity, so the latter has been taken as the basis of the presentation. The level and amount of material are chosen aiming education of researchers working in modern experimental and theoretical physics.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ8.3, Б1-ПМ.ДВ8.3

The course covers the basics of the theory of crystallization of metals and alloys, questions the use of the principles of thermodynamics to construct and explain the nature of physical and chemical interaction in single, double, triple and multi-component systems, the theory and practice of interaction of the components in the liquid and solid states, the basic theory and heat treatment technology materials used in the new technique.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ10.2, Б1-ПМ.ДВ10.2

В настоящем курсе изучаются теоретические ос¬новы взаимодействия различных видов излучения (нейтроны, электроны, ионы, гамма кванты) с веществом для случаев классического, релятивистского и квантового взаимодействий. Основная цель дис-циплины - ознакомление студентов с современными физическими представлениями о процессах взаимодействия высокоэнергетических частиц с кристаллическими твердыми телами и с основными закономерностями изменения характеристик взаимодействующих частиц и радиационной повреждаемости твердого тела/
This course gives the theoretical basis of the interaction of different types of radiation (neutron, electron, ion, gamma rays) with the solids to the case of classical, relativistic and quantum description of the interaction process. The main purpose of this course is to introduce students with modern physical understanding of the processes of the interaction of high-energy particles with the crystalline solids, the basic laws of changes in the characteristics of the interacting particles and radiation damage of the solids.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ13.2

Дисциплина раскрывает связь состава, структуры и условий эксплуатации со свойствами конструкционных материалов, ядерного топлива и материалов с особыми физическими свойствами и показывает обоснование выбора материалов для конструктивных элементов, работающих в условиях высоких и низких температур, радиационного излучения, коррозионного воздействия агрессивных сред и воздействия различных напряжений/
Discipline discloses a connection of the composition, structure and operating conditions with the properties of structural materials, nuclear fuel and materials with special physical properties and shows justification of choice of materials for structural elements working at high and low temperatures, radiation, corrosive effects of corrosive environments and the effects of different stresses.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ3.2

Учебная дисциплина знакомит студентов с современными методами создания и измерения низких давлений. На примере конкретных электрофизических установок представляются сведения об особенностях конструкции вакуумных систем и способах получения высокого и сверхвысокого вакуума/Academic subject introduce students to the modern methods of obtaining and measured low pressure. Information about the design features of vacuum systems and methods of obtaining a high and ultrahigh vacuum provides with reference to specific electrophysical installations.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ4.2

В курсе дано краткое систематическое изложение основ теории дефектов кристаллической структуры, определяющих важнейшие свойства материалов и изменения их структуры при обработке и эксплуатации.
Дается классификация дефектов кристаллической структуры. Рассматриваются точечные дефекты. Излагаются представления об образовании и подвижности точечных дефектов, их отжиге; энергии образования; искажениях кристаллической решетки, вызываемые точечными дефектами; источниках и стоках точечных дефектов; комплексах точечных дефектов. Анализируются методы получения высоких концентраций точечных дефектов, экспериментальные методы исследования.
Рассматриваются линейные дефекты кристаллического строения твердых тел. Излагаются современные представления об образовании и механизмах размножения дислокаций; их движении; силах, действующих на дислокации; процессах взаимодействия между дислокациями, между дислокациями и точечными дефектами; дислокационных структурах; энергии, полях деформации и напряжений дислокаций. Рассматриваются полные и частичные дислокации, расщепление дислокаций, дефекты упаковки, движение расщепленных дислокаций, двойникование, пересечение дислокаций, движение дислокаций с порогами.
Изложена элементарная теория точечных, линейных и двухмерных дефектов, определяющих важнейшие свойства материалов и изменения их структуры при обработке и эксплуатации/
The course provides a brief systematic presentation of the basic theory of lattice defects that determine the most important properties of materials and change their structure during processing and operation.
The classification of defects in crystal structure is given. Point defects are considered. Formation, mobility and annealing of point defects; defect formation energy; crystal lattice distortion caused by point defects; sources and sinks of point defects; complexes of point defects are discussed. Methods of obtaining of high defects concentration and experimental methods of investigation are analyzed.
Linear defects of crystalline structure of solids are considered. Modern concepts of dislocation generation and mechanism of dislocation multiplication; dislocation movement; forces acting on dislocations; interaction between dislocations and between dislocations and point defects; dislocation structures; energy of dislocations; deformation and strain fields of dislocations are discussed. Full and partial dislocations, splitting of dislocation, stacking faults, movement of split dislocations, twining, dislocation intersections are considered.
Elementary theory of point, linear and two-dimensional defects, determining the most important properties of materials and change their structure during processing and operation is given.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ8.2, Б1-ПМ.ДВ8.2

Учебная дисциплина «Основы технологии получения материалов» содержит основы теоретико-методологических знаний в области технологий получения и обработки материалов и изделий, непосредственно связанные с реакторными материалами, основы теории и технологии обработки материалов, применяемых в новой технике, в том числе быстрозакаленных сплавов, разработки и совершенствования современных и перспективных материалов/
The training discipline “Bases of technology of materials” contains the founda-tions of theoretical and methodological knowledge in the field of technologies for pro-ducing and processing materials and products directly related to reactor materials, Fundamentals of the theory and technology of processing materials used in new technology, including hardened alloys, development and improvement of modern and advanced materials.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ1.2

Дисциплина «Совместимость, коррозия материалов и защита» ставит своей целью формирование у студентов научно обоснованных знаний по коррозии и методам защиты реакторных материалов в различных агрессивных средах. При внешнем воздействии среды на металлические конструкции могут иметь место различные виды взаимодействия (химическое, физико-химическое, физическое, радиационное и др.), что часто приводит к разрушению или порче оборудования. Образовательный процесс по дисциплине направлен на понимание обучающимися причин и условий протекания различных коррозионных процессов при эксплуатации конструкционных материалов в различных средах. Правильное решение вопросов, возникающих при конструировании приборов и установок, проектировании и эксплуатации АЭС, транспортных средств и других объектов требует четкого понимания процессов, возникающих при взаимодействии материалов со средой. Грамотное и обоснованное использование совместимых материалов в конструкциях, работающих в агрессивных средах, будет способствовать созданию надежной и долговечной конструкции/
Discipline "Compatibility, corrosion of materials and protection " is aimed to formation of students' science-based knowledge on corrosion and methods of protection of reactor materials in various corrosive environments. During the external impact of environment on the metal structure can be various types of interaction (chemical, electro-chemical, physical, chemical, physical, radiation, etc.), Which often leads to the destruction of or damage to the equipment. The educational process in the discipline aimed at understanding of students' of the causes and conditions of occurrence of various corrosion processes in the operation of construction materials in various environments. The correct solution of issues arising in the design of devices and systems, design and operation of nuclear power plants, vehicles and other facilities requires a clear understanding of the processes occurring in the interaction of materials with the environment. Literate and reasonable use of compatible materials in structures operating in aggressive environments, will promote the creation of reliable and durable construction.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ12.2, Б1-ПМ.ДВ12.2

In the discipline of «Physical properties of metallic materials»" the basics of physics of condensed matter are learnt, which include electrical, magnetic, superconducting, thermal and elastic properties of solids, their dependence on temperature, composition and structure of materials.
The main forms of statements of students on discipline are the execution of the four laboratory works, pass the two colloquiums, solving the exercises on the blackboard, oral presentation and pass the final test.
Independent work is to develop a lecture material in the processing of experimental results, laboratory work, solving tasks and preparation of reports and laboratory works, as well as in preparation for colloquiums and final test.
Students independently become acquainted with educational films.

Б1-ПМ.ДВ5.3